Past, present and future of Trichomonas vaginalis: a review study.

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) microaerophilic protist parasite, which is the causative agent of trichomonosis. Globally, the estimated annual incidence is more than 270 million cases. It is correlated for several health problems including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), pregnancy miscarriages, cervical carcinoma, prostatitis, prostatic adenocarcinomas, infertility, and the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most individuals infected with TV are asymptomatic. Metronidazole (MTZ) has been the treatment of choice for women. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against this pathogen despite efforts at vaccine development. Different socio-economic, demographic, behavioral, and biological factors are associated with the disease. Apart from its role as a pathogenic agent of diseases, it is also a fascinating organism with a surprisingly large genome for a parasite, i.e. larger than 160 Mb, and physiology adapted to its microaerophilic lifestyle. Particularly, the hydrogenosome, a mitochondria-derived organelle that releases hydrogen, attracted much interest in the last decades and rendered TV a model organism for eukaryotic evolution. According to the high prevalence and health consequences associated with TV, there is a requirement for improved screening programs in Iraq. The early diagnosis of asymptomatic diseases and effective treatment regimens are mandatory. Despite being highly prevalent of trichomonosis in the world, there is no review research published that solely focuses on T. vaginalis infections in Iraq.

Colorectal cancer epidemiology and clinical study in Misan / Epidemiologia do câncer colorretal e estudo clínico em Misan

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma is commonest cancer of gastrointestinal tract. It is represent third cancer in man worldwide beyond lung and prostate cancers. It is fourth cancer in woman beyond breast, lung and uterus cancers. Deaths from colorectal cancer are more in compare with other GIT cancers. Objective: The aim is prove epidemiological and clinical data of colorectal cancer. Method: Our study conducted in Misan Province, Iraq. The data collected from 2013 to 2016. Seventy one patients that found have colorectal cancer. Gender, age, residency, site of cancer, family history, past history, year of onset, smoking history, alcohol intake, presentation, staging and histopathology pattern are get. Results: Prevalence of colon and rectum carcinoma is 3.75%. The most age group affected was 51-60 years as 30.99%. The gender and residency of patients have no effect on cancer percent. Obesity, Family history, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption risk factors. In 42.25% of patients had family history of cancer. Conclusion: Most common site of colorectal carcinoma left colon, which present in 61.97%. There is increase in new cases detection of colorectal carcinoma from 2013 to 2016. Advanced stages cancer were most common stages description as IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and IV in 12.67%, 16.90%, 19.72% and 15.49%. The common histopathological pattern is differentiated adenocarcinoma as 53.52%.

RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma colorretal é o câncer mais comum do trato gastrointestinal. É o terceiro tipo de câncer mais observado no sexo masculino mundialmente, atrás dos cânceres de pulmão e próstata. É o quarto câncer mais observado no sexo feminino, atrás dos cânceres de mama, pulmão e útero. As mortes por câncer colorretal são mais comuns comparadas a outros cânceres do TGI. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é comprovar dados epidemiológicos e clínicos do câncer colorretal. Métodos: Nosso estudo foi conduzido na província de Misan, no Iraque. Os dados foram coletados de 2013 a 2016. Setenta e um pacientes apresentaram câncer colorretal. Sexo, idade, local de residência, local do câncer, história familiar, história pregressa, ano de início, história de tabagismo, etilismo, apresentação, estadiamento e padrão histopatológico foram obtidos. Resultados: A prevalência de carcinoma de cólon e reto é de 3,75%. A faixa etária mais afetada foi de 51 a 60 anos, com 30,99%. O gênero e o local de residência dos pacientes não afetam a porcentagem de ocorrência do câncer. Obesidade, antecedentes familiares, tabagismo e consumo de álcool são fatores de risco. 42,25% dos pacientes tinha história familiar de câncer. Conclusão: O local mais comum de carcinoma colorretal é o cólon esquerdo, com 61,97%. Houve aumento na detecção de novos casos de carcinoma colorretal de 2013 a 2016. Os estágios avançados de câncer mais comuns foram IIIA, IIIB, IIIC e IV em 12,67%, 16,90%, 19,72% e 15,49% dos casos. O padrão histopatológico comum é o adenocarcinoma diferenciado, em 53,52% dos casos.